Bitlis Eren Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi

Our journal aims to be an international peer-reviewed journal in the field of Social Sciences and Humanities, in two issues a year (July - December), where original and innovative as well as critical perspectives can be reflected, and the problems revealed by scientific methods and techniques are discussed.

Independent, double blind peer-reviewed, open access and online journal accepts academic papers written in Turkish and English. The manuscripts submitted to the journal should not have been previously published or in the evaluation process in another medium. The manuscripts that are deemed appropriate to the writing rules and the scope of the journal are sent to two referees who are experts in their fields for scientific evaluation. The Editorial Board follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) criteria and carries out the evaluation process by taking into account the comments of the referees.

Our journal publishes academic studies (review, research, case studies) in the fields of social sciences such as Economics, Business Administration, Political Science and Public Administration, International Relations, Finance, Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Sociology, Communication, Gastronomy and Tourism.

Article Submissions
Original, unpublished manuscripts that are not in the evaluation process in another journal and whose content and submission have been approved by each author are accepted for evaluation.

Readership
The target readership is the members of the social sciences and humanities professions, experts, researchers, specialisation and doctoral students as well as students related to this field. It aims to contribute to the spread of continuous professional development and research culture.

Publication Period
Our journal is published twice a year, in July and December.

Copyright
Authors agree to transfer their copyrights to the Journal under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence when the article is accepted for publication.

Spelling Rules
• Authors who want to submit an article to our journal should upload their work to the system after placing it in the sample template.
• CLICK HERE to download the article template.
• Articles that do not comply with the journal template will be returned to their authors.
• Manuscripts submitted to the journal should be clear and understandable in terms of language and expression in accordance with scientific standards.
• Articles submitted to our journal should not be less than 4,500 words and not more than 10,000 words, including abstract and bibliography.
• Manuscripts should be in A4 size, page margins should be 2.5 cm from the right, bottom, top and 3 cm from the left.
• Turkish and English abstracts should be at least 100 and at most 250 words. Keywords should consist of at least 3 and at most 5 words. There should be a comma between keywords and the initial letter of each word should be capitalised. Abstracts and keywords should be placed immediately after the title. The English title of the article, abstract and keywords should be written in full. Abstract, Keywords, Abstract, Keywords titles should be 11 pt, bold, left justified, and Abstract and Abstract texts should be Times New Roman 10 pt, 1.15 line spacing and justified.
• The typeface of the manuscript submitted to the journal should be Times New Roman, 1.15 line spacing, 11 pt, justified, spaced 6 pt before and after, and paragraphs indented 1.25 cm.
• The title of the study, section headings, table and figure headings should be written in bold font, except for this, bold font should not be used in the content and bibliography.
• The title of the article should express the content of the article in the best way and should not exceed 15 words.
• The title of the study should be written in Times New Roman 14 pt, single line spacing, bold, centred, capital letters.
• All subheadings specified after the main title of the article should be written in 12 pt, bold, left justified, spaced 6 pt before and after, indented 1.25 cm and capitalised.
• Tables, graphs and charts should be numbered consecutively. Titles of tables, graphs and charts should be written above the tables, graphs and charts, in Times New Roman 9 font size, the first letters of all words should be capitalised, bold and left justified.
• Figures and illustrations should be numbered consecutively. Figure and picture captions should be below the figures and pictures, Times New Roman 9 font size, the first letters of all words should be capitalised, bold and centred.
• In case of direct quotation in the manuscripts submitted to the journal, ‘double quotation marks’ should be used.
• Numbering in the manuscripts submitted to the journal should be expressed with a period instead of ‘th/third/tenth’ suffixes.
• The ‘%’ sign should be used for the percentage word used in the studies submitted to the journal; Decimal expressions should be separated with ‘,’ sign.
• Abbreviations in the text should be written clearly and in abbreviated form in brackets when they are first shown, and the abbreviated form should be given in subsequent expressions. For example; Turkish Standards Institute (TSE)
• If the study is supported by an institution/organisation or prepared from a doctoral/master's thesis, this should be given as a footnote at the bottom of the first page.
• Studies submitted to the journal are scanned for plagiarism using the software Intihal.net. The similarity rate of the articles submitted to our journal is expected to be 15% or less.

In-text Citation and Bibliography
References should be written in 10 pt, justified, single line spacing.
APA 6 style should be used for in-text citations and references.

Single Authored Books:
In the text; (Baharçiçek, 2020: 81)
In the bibliography; Baharçiçek, A. (2020). Turkish Foreign Policy in the New World Order. Ankara: Orion Bookstore.

Books with Two Authors:
In the text; (Görmez and Göka, 1993: 26)
In the bibliography; Görmez, K. and Göka, E. (1993). 99 Soruda Çocuk ve Çevre. Istanbul: Child Foundation Publications.

Books with More Than Two Authors:
In the text; (Mutlu et al., 2021: 41)
In the bibliography; Mutlu, Y., Çam, Z., & Çalışkan, E. F. (2021). Problems and Solution Suggestions Experienced by Dyscalculic Children. Ankara: Vize Publishing.

A Book Chapter in an Edited Book:
In Text; (İrdem & Demirkan, 2022: 350)
In the bibliography; Irdem, İ. and Demirkan, U. (2022). Women Migrants in the Struggle against Human Trafficking in Turkey. In Fatma Gökçe Çetin Can (Ed.), Women and Society Changing Roles, Relations, Consequences (341-365). Ankara: Orion Bookstore.

Single Authored Articles:
In the text; (Özer, 2000: 135)
In the bibliography; Özer, M. A. (2000). On the Analysis of the Concepts of Local Democracy, Democratic Local Governments and Democratisation of Local Governments. Turkish Administrative Journal, 72(426), 129-143.

Articles with Two Authors:
In the text; (Geniş and Akkirman, 2020: 5)
In the bibliography; Geniş, Ş. and Akkirman, D. K. (2020). Neighbourhoods as Spaces of Inequality and Women's Right to the City. Journal of Amme Administration, 53(1), 1-35

Articles with More Than Two Authors:
In the text; (Çam et al., 2016: 258)
In the bibliography; Çam, Ş. S., Yarar, G., Toraman, C., & Erdamar, G. K. (2016). The Effects of Gender on the Attitudes towards the Computer Assisted Instruction: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Educationand Training Studies, 4(5), 250-261.

In case an author has more than one publication with the same date:
In Text; (Özden, 2021a: 150), (Özden, 2021b: 16)
In the bibliography; Özden, Y. (2021a). The Development of the Relationship between Power and Civil Society in Turkey. In Mustafa Mete (Ed.) Research and Evaluations in Economic and Administrative Sciences (145 -166). Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı.
Özden, Y. (2021b). Personalisation of Politics in Turkey and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Ankara: Orion Bookstore.

Publications Without Author:
In Text; (TODAIE, 1991: 5)
In the bibliography; TODAIE (1991). Public Administration Research General Report Kaya Public Administration Research Project. Ankara: TODAIE Publication.

Theses:
In Text; (Bilgin, 1991: 25)
In the bibliography; Bilgin, K. U. (1991). In the Light of Harmonisation Studies in the European Community and in the Member States, Harmonisation of Turkish Public Administration to the European Community. (Doctoral Dissertation). Gazi University Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara.

Congress Proceedings:
In Text; (Sezik, 2022: 4)
In the bibliography; Sezik, M. (2022). Sezik, M. (2022). Migration as a Security Threat in Urban Spaces, I. International Social Sciences Congress Full Text Proceedings Book, Ankara: Nobel Academic Publishing.

Web Page:
In Text; (TÜİK, 2023)
References; TurkStat (2023). Consumer Price Index. Retrieved on 27.03.2023 from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Tuketici-Fiyat-Endeksi-Subat-2023.

INFORMATION FOR WRITERS
• Authors are required to send the Cover Page, Copyright Agreement, Author Declaration(s), Similarity Conclusion Report and Letter of Undertaking Forms with the manuscript file in the first submission.
• When uploading the main manuscript file, it should be ensured that this file does not contain any elements that decipher the identity of the author, as required by the double blind review process. The main manuscript file should not contain the title page; it should not contain any sections that contain author names or that may disclose author names (should be indicated on the cover page form).
• A Cover Page containing author information should be sent with the manuscript submitted for publication. The cover page should include the title of the article, the author or authors' affiliated institutions and titles, addresses where they can be reached, mobile, work and fax numbers, ORCID and e-mail addresses.
• The responsibility for the opinions in the published articles belongs to the author(s).
• Declaration of Contribution Ratio of the researchers, Declaration of Support and Acknowledgement, if any, and Conflict Declaration should be included. In addition, the Author Declaration Form should be completed and submitted with the manuscript file.
• In accordance with the plagiarism policy of the journal, the plagiarism result report after being scanned in the relevant programmes (turnitin, ithenticate) must be sent to the journal. In addition to the submitted reports, our journal uses Intihal.net software to scan for plagiarism at the preliminary review stage.
• In case the submitted article has not been published elsewhere or is not currently in the evaluation process for publication, and in case the articles sent for evaluation are accepted for publication, the Commitment Form regarding the acceptance that all publication rights belong to Bitlis Eren Journal of Social Research indefinitely should be filled out and signed and sent to the journal's editorial commission.
• Ethics committee approval must be obtained for research in all disciplines that require Ethics Committee Permission in accordance with TR Index criteria, and this approval must be stated and documented in the article.
• In accordance with TR Index criteria, in studies derived from postgraduate theses, the responsible author with the highest contribution rate should be the author of the study and the supervisor should be the second author.
• The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study can be requested from the relevant author upon reasonable request to be forwarded only to the referee without public disclosure.

Duties and Responsibilities of Authors

Authorship and Contribution
Authorship should be limited to those who made significant contributions to the conception, design, conduct, or interpretation of the study. All significant contributors should be listed as co-authors. If there are minor contributors, e.g. language editing, they should be acknowledged in the acknowledgements section. The corresponding author should ensure that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to its submission for publication. Authors are expected to carefully review the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and to provide the final author list at the time of original submission. Only in exceptional circumstances will the editor consider the addition, deletion, or reorganisation of authors after the manuscript has been submitted. All authors must agree to any such addition, deletion or reorganisation. Authors take joint responsibility for the work.

Author Change Requests
Addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the author list can only be made before the manuscript is accepted and only if approved by the Editor of the journal.
If such a change is requested, the Editor will request from the responsible author (a) the reason for the change in the author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail) from all authors that they agree to the addition. Only in exceptional cases will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or reorganisation of authors after the article has been accepted.

Article Writing
Authors of original research papers should address the topic in an original way and with an objective discussion. The paper should include sufficient detail and references to allow others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly false statements constitute unethical behaviour and are unacceptable.

Originality
The author should provide assurance that the article is original, has not been previously published elsewhere, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in another language.

Using Original Sources and Citation
Authors must ensure that they have written entirely original work and that, if they have used the work or words of others, this is properly cited. Privately obtained information, such as in conversations, correspondence or discussions with third parties, should not be used without the express written permission of the source.

Data Access and Preservation
Authors may be asked to provide research data supporting their articles for editorial review and/or to comply with the journal's open data requirements. Authors should be prepared to provide public access to such data, if possible, and to retain such data for a reasonable period after publication. The journal recommends uploading research data to TUBITAK's Aperta Portal.

Multiple and Simultaneous Publication
An author should not publish an article containing the same research in more than one journal. It is unethical to submit the same article to more than one journal at the same time. An author should not submit a previously published article for consideration in another journal, except in the form of an abstract.

Publication of Studies Based on Questionnaires and Interviews
For research in all disciplines that require ethics committee approval (ethics committee approval must be obtained, this approval must be stated and documented in the article. In researches requiring ethics committee approval, information about the approval (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section, as well as on one of the first/last pages of the article; in case reports, information on the signature of the informed consent form should be included in the article.

Conflict of Interest
Any financial or other interest that may cause the person to be conflicted in his/her work, significantly impair his/her objectivity, or provide an unfair advantage in favour of any person or organisation. All sources of financial support received during the conduct of the research and preparation of the manuscript and the role of sponsors in the study should be disclosed. If there is no source of funding, this should also be indicated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that should be disclosed include consultancies, salaries, grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.

Error Reporting
When an author notices a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her published work, he/she should notify the journal immediately. It is also the author's obligation to co-operate in withdrawing or correcting the manuscript if deemed necessary by the editor. If the editor or publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains errors, it is the author's obligation to co-operate with the editor, including informing the editor.

Image Integrity
It is unacceptable to enhance, darken, move, remove or add a specific feature in an image. Authors must adhere to the policy for graphic images implemented by the journal.

Publication Ethics Principles
Publication Ethics can be defined as a self-regulatory mechanism that insists on integrity on behalf of authors, reviewers and publishers to establish higher standards of editorial processing. Ethical standards for publication exist to ensure high-quality scientific publications, public confidence in scientific findings, and respect for people's opinions.
• Honest researchers do not plagiarise.
• They do not misattribute sources.
• They do not hide objections they cannot refute.
• They do not distort opposing views.
• They do not destroy or conceal data.

Peer-reviewed studies are studies that support and realise the scientific method. At this point, it is of great importance that all parties involved in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publisher, referees and editors) comply with ethical principles. Our journal adheres to national and international standards in research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works and the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions. Our journal has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA). It also undertakes to comply with the decisions of the Turkish Editors' Workshop.
• Press Law (National Legislation)
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation)
• Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (National Legislation)
• Transparency and Best Practice Principles in Academic Publishing (International Criteria)
• Turkey Editors' Workshop Decisions (National Criteria)

Policy and Principles
• Ethics committee approval must be obtained for scientific studies submitted for publication in our journal and this approval must be documented.
• In all studies submitted for publication, it is obligatory to obtain the necessary permissions from the authors in case of using tools such as scales, questionnaires, etc. belonging to others.
• The bibliography list must be prepared completely by the author and/or authors and the cited references must be prepared in accordance with the journal format.
• Studies submitted to our journal are evaluated by double-blind referee system, and additional referee evaluation should be included by the editorial board when deemed necessary.
• Our journal accepts articles written in two languages, Turkish and English. Manuscripts submitted for publication are forwarded to referees specialised in the relevant subject after being checked by the editor. At this stage, where the double-blind referee system is used, the manuscript can also be sent to a third referee for evaluation if needed. Manuscripts deemed inadequate by the referees or containing ethical violations are rejected and the manuscript is returned to the author and/or authors. In order for the articles submitted to our journal to be published, at least two referees must make a publishable decision. Articles that pass the referee evaluation with a positive opinion are queued for publication by the journal board. The process is carried out transparently by including the article arrival date and article acceptance date information on the journal page of the articles accepted for publication. The publication process is initiated by considering the date of acceptance of the relevant studies. The average evaluation period of articles varies between 45-60 days. It should be taken into consideration that this period may vary depending on the status of the publication.

Replay
Republishing is the publication of the same article or substantially similar articles in more than one journal. The editor sends such an article back without reviewing it. Thereafter, the editor may impose an embargo for a certain period of time on the author who has attempted to republish, publicise this situation in the journal in which the author has previously published (perhaps by simultaneous announcement with the editor of the journal that published the previous article), or apply all of these measures together.

Simultaneous submission of the same work to more than one journal
Authors may not submit the same article to more than one journal at the same time. If the editor learns of possible simultaneous submission, he/she reserves the right to consult with the other editor(s) receiving the manuscript. In addition, the editor may return the manuscript without review or reject the manuscript without considering the reviews, or take this decision in discussion with the other editor(s) involved, and may decide not to accept submissions from authors for a certain period of time. It may also write to the authors' employers or take all of these measures together.

Control to Prevent Plagiarism
Plagiarism is presenting the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, figures or works of others as one's own work in whole or in part without citing the owners in accordance with scientific rules.
Our journal scans all submitted articles to prevent plagiarism. Studies submitted for review are checked for plagiarism using Intihal.net software. The similarity rate is expected to be less than 15%. The main measure of similarity is the author's compliance with the rules of citation and citation. If the similarity rate is 1%, but citation and quotation are not done properly, plagiarism may still be in question. In this respect, citation and quotation rules should be known and carefully applied by the author.
Plagiarism, duplication, false authorship/ denied authorship, research/data fabrication, article slicing, slicing and dicing, copyright infringement and concealment of conflict of interest are considered unethical behaviours. All articles that do not comply with accepted ethical standards are removed from publication. This includes articles containing possible irregularities and non-conformities detected after publication.

Forgery
To produce data that is not based on research, to edit or change the work presented or published on the basis of unreal data, to report or publish them, to show a research that has not been done as if it has been done.
Falsifying research records and data obtained, showing methods, devices and materials that were not used in the research as if they were used, not evaluating data that do not comply with the research hypothesis, manipulating data and/or results to fit the relevant theory or assumptions, falsifying or shaping the research results in line with the interests of the persons and organisations supported.

Protection of Personal Data of Participants
Our journal requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or materials relating to human participants that are not legally publicly available be subject to formal ethical review.

Handling Allegations of Research Misconduct
Our journal adheres to COPE's Ethical Toolkit for a Successful Editorial. Journal editors will take measures to prevent the publication of manuscripts in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication, and other research misconduct has occurred. In no case will journal editors knowingly allow such misconduct to occur. In the event that journal editors become aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines regarding allegations.

Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider publishing a correction if minor errors are detected in the published article that do not affect the findings, interpretations and conclusions. Editors should consider retracting the manuscript if there are major errors/violations that invalidate the findings and conclusions. Editors should consider issuing a statement of concern if there is a possibility of research or publication misconduct by the authors; if there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and the authors' institutions have not investigated the incident; or if the possible investigation seems unfair or inconclusive. COPE guidelines regarding correction, retraction or expression of concern are taken into account.

Publication of Studies Based on Surveys and Interviews
Our journal adopts the ‘Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors’ and ‘Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers’ principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in order to provide ethical assurance in scientific periodical publishing. In this context, the following points should be complied with in the studies submitted to the journal:
1) For research in all disciplines that require ethics committee approval (ethics committee approval must be obtained, this approval must be stated and documented in the article.
2) In studies requiring ethics committee authorisation, information about the authorisation (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section and on one of the first/last pages of the article; in case reports, information on the signature of the informed consent/assent form should be included in the article.

Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
Our editors treat all submitted manuscripts as confidential documents, which means that they will not disclose information about a manuscript to anyone without the authors' permission. During the manuscript review process, the following people have access to the manuscripts: Editors, Reviewers, Editorial Board Members. The only situation where details about a manuscript may be passed to a third party without the authors' permission is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct.

Conflicts of Interest
A conflict of interest arises when professional judgement about a primary interest may be influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal competition). We believe that we need to know the authors' competing interests in order to make the best judgement about how to handle an article, and that readers should know them if we publish the article.
Any interest, financial or otherwise, which may cause one to be conflicted in one's work, significantly impair one's objectivity, or give an unfair advantage in favour of any person or organisation. All sources of financial support received during the conduct of the research and preparation of the manuscript and the role of sponsors in the study should be disclosed. If there is no source of funding, this should also be indicated. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that should be disclosed include consultancies, salaries, grants. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest possible stage.
Our journal has an established process for handling submissions from editors, staff or editorial board members to ensure impartial review. Such submissions are first referred to other journals. If this is not possible, the author of the submission will be suspended from the journal. These submissions are reviewed in a double blind process.
The editor should not be involved in decisions about manuscripts written by him/herself or family members. Furthermore, such a paper should be subject to all the usual procedures of the journal. The editor should follow the COPE guidelines on disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by authors and reviewers.

The publication of articles in the journal and the execution of article processes are not subject to any fee. No processing fee or submission fee is charged under any name for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication.